Themes of the Day:

• Groundwater
• Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions
• Desalination
• Water Use
• Water Management
• Water and Ecosystems
• Global Water Shortages
• Pause to catch breath
• Water Pollution Overview
• Types of Pollutants
• Surface Water Pollution & Treatment
• Groundwater Pollution & Treatment
• Wastewater Treatment
• Federal Legislation

Groundwater

• Aquifers and the Water Table
  • Zone of Saturation
  • Zone of Aeration - Vadose Zone
  • Water Table
  • Perched Water Table
• Groundwater Flow and Water Table Fluctuation in Unconfined Aquifers, Darcy's Law
• Springs, Artesian Wells, & Water Towers
• Porosity and Permeability (Hydraulic Conductivity) - Table 11-2
• Pumped Wells and Groundwater Mining
  • Cone of Depression
  • Subsidence
  • Saltwater Intrusion
  • Groundwater Usage in the USA
  • Ogalala Aquifer

Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions

• General Interactions
• Karst Regions
  • Caves: Flowstone, stalactites, and stalagmites (and bat guano)
  • Sinkholes
  • Disappearing Streams
  • Park City, KY topographic map

Desalination

• Very Expensive - Impractical in most areas

Water Use

• Competing Water Uses
• California Aqueducts
• US Water Use Trends
  • Freshwater Withdrawals
  • All Water Withdrawals

Water Management

• Colorado River Drainage Basin
• Little Colorado River sediment inputs

Water and Ecosystems

• Wetlands

Global Water Shortages

• Too Many Thirsty People

Water Pollution Overview

• Clean water = good
• Pollutants = bad

Types of Pollutants

• Oxygen-Demanding Waste
• Pathogenic Organisms
• Nutrients
  • Algae/Seaweed on Hawaiian beaches A, B
  • wastewater treatment
  • Cultural Eutrophication
• Oil
• Toxic Substances
  • Hazardous Chemicals - MTBE
  • Heavy Metals - Mercury
  • Radioactive Waste
• Sediment
• Thermal Pollution

Surface Water Pollution & Treatment

• Point Sources
• Nonpoint Sources
• Acid Mine Drainage
• Cuyahoga River

Groundwater Pollution & Treatment

• Common Causes
• National Water-Quality Assessment Program - Delaware River Basin
• Saltwater Intrusion
• Groundwater Treatment - PAK Tower Stripper
• Water-Quality Standards
• Groundwater Pollution in Hays, KS - from the Ellis County Wellhead Protection Committee
• ToxMap - EPA Superfund sites in Google Earth

Wastewater Treatment

• Septic Tanks
• Wastewater-Treatment Plants
• Wetlands
• Wastewater Renovation

Federal Legislation

• Clean Water Act