The Big Chart

Composition Intrusive (Plutonic)
Rock Type
(Coarse-grained due to slow cooling)		 Extrusive (Volcanic)
Rock Type
(Fine-grained due to rapid cooling)		 Minerals (Bowen's Reaction Series) Crystallization
Temperature		 Color SiO2 wt% K2O wt% H2O wt% Density Viscosity Volcano Type Explosiveness
Ultramafic Peridotite None Discontinuous Branch     Continuous Branch

Olivine                Ca-rich
\                          /
Pyroxene               /      
               \         Plagioclase
Amphibole         /      
     \             /
Biotite   Na-rich
         \      /      
   Orthoclase
   Muscovite
    Quartz

1300oC green 45 very low low very high > 3.2 grams/cm3 low NA NA
Mafic Gabbro Basalt 1200oC dark
dark green
to black		 50-60 low low high ~3.0 grams/cm3 low Shield Volcanoes
(also cinder cones)		 low
Intermediate Diorite Andesite 1000oC gray
salt & pepper		 60-70 intermediate intermediate intermediate ~2.8 grams/cm3 intermediate Stratovolcanoes
(Composite Volcanoes)		 moderate to high
Felsic Granite Rhyolite 750oC light
white or pink		 70-75 high high low ~2.65 grams/cm3 high Stratovolcanoes and
Continental Calderas		 high